“Strong” verbs with vowel change in the present tense

 

singular

fahren

sprechen

lesen

  ich

    fahr

e

     sprech

e

    les

e

  du

    fähr

st

     sprich

st

    lies

t

er / sie / es

 

    fähr

t

     sprich

t

    lies

t

plural

 

 

 

 

 

 

  wir

    fahr

en

     sprech

en

    les

en

  ihr

    fahr

t

     sprech

et

    les

t

  sie

 

(Sie)

    fahr

 

    fahr

en

 

en

     sprech

 

     sprech

en

 

en

    les

 

    les

en

 

en

 

to drive, to go

to speak

to read

 

   NOTE:  The changes in the stem only occur in the second and third person singular!

 

Here is a short list of strong verbs with vowel changes in the present tense. Since the changes occur only in the singular the plural forms are not given here.

 

Infinitiv

ich

du

er,sie,es

 

     essen

     esse

      isst

     isst

to eat

     geben

     gebe

      gibst

     gibt

to give

     laufen

     laufe

      läufst

     läuft

to walk, run

     nehmen

     nehme

      nimmst

     nimmt

to take

     sehen

     sehe

      siehst

     sieht

to see

     tragen

     trage

      trägst

     trägt

to wear, carry

 

Conjugation

A verb conjugation is a list of six possible forms of the verb. If the verb is connected with a subject to form a sentence, it changes according to the subject. There is one form for each of the six persons (1st, 2nd,3rd persons singular and plural). German has three types of verbs: “weak” verbs which retain the form of the stem throughout conjugation; “strong” verbs which undergo some changes in conjugation and irregular verbs. 

 

                                                           “Weak” verbs:

 

singular

machen

arbeiten*1

reisen*2

 

  ich

 

  mach

 

e

 

  arbeit

 

e

 

  reis

 

e

  du

  mach

st

  arbeit

est

  reis

t

 er / sie / es

 

  mach

t

  arbeit

et

  reis

t

plural

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  wir

 

  mach

 

en

 

  arbeit

 

en

 

  reis

 

en

  ihr

  mach

t

  arbeit

et

  reis

t

  sie

 (Sie)

 

  mach

en

  arbeit

en

  reis

en

 

to make, to do

to work

to travel

 

   * the slight variations in the conjugational endings make the pronunciation easier. The changes apply:

 

                                -  to all verbs with stem endings in -d or -t 

                                -  to all verbs with stem endings in -s -ss -ß -z or -tz.

 

   Other verbs that follow the same pattern as the ones above:

 

 

 finden1

 

to find

 

 kommen

 

to come

 

 studieren

 

to study

 beginnen

 dauern

to begin

to last,

 kosten1

 lernen

to cost

to learn

 spielen

 trinken

to play

to drink

 kennen

to know

 heißen2

to be calledl

 wohnen

to live,

to reside