Verbs conjugated with ÊTRE agree
in gender and number with
the subject of the verb. To find the subject of the verb,
the question "Qui". or "Qui
est-ce qui." is asked in front
of the verb. The following example (a little story
about Nicole) illustrates this:
"Je suis
allée à Montréal
l'année dernière avec ma soeur et ses amies."
Note that the verb in this sentence is 'ALLER.'
It belongs to the house
ÊTRE. We then have to
find the SUBJECT of the verb. To find the subject, we ask the question
'QUI' (in front of the verb)
est allé à Montréal? The answer is 'Je' (Nicole).
Therefore 'allé' has to agree in gender (feminine) and number
(singular) with the subject = allée.
"Ma soeur et ses amies sont
montées dans 'les montagnes
russes' à la Ronde. Elles en sont
descendues très étourdies."
Here, QUI est monté (MONTER belongs
to the house
ÊTRE) dans les montagnes
russes? Ma soeur et ses amies. The subject of the verb 'sont montées'
is 'Ma soeur et ses amies'. Therefore 'monté' has to agree
in gender (feminine) and number (plural) with the subject = montées.
For the second sentence, QUI est descendu (DESCENDRE belongs to
the house
ÊTRE) très étourdi?
Elles. Therefore 'descendu' has to agree in gender (feminine) and
number (plural) with the subject = descendues.
"Nous sommes
ensuite entrées dans
un restaurant."
In this sentence, QUI est entré (ENTRER
belongs to the house
ÊTRE ) dans un restaurant?
Nous. The subject of the verb 'sommes entrées' is 'Nous'.
This pronoun subject replaces 'Nicole et les filles'. Therefore
'entré' has to agree in gender (feminine) and number (plural)
with the subject = entrées.
"Mon cousin est
venu avec nous au restaurant."
In this sentence, QUI est venu (VENIR belongs
to the house
ÊTRE ) au restaurant?
Mon cousin. The subject of the verb 'est venu' is 'Mon cousin'.
Therefore 'venu' has to agree in gender (masculin) and number (singular)
with the subject = venu.
"Nous sommes
rentrées très
tard à l'auberge de jeunesse. "
In this sentence, QUI est rentré
(RENTRER belongs to the house
ÊTRE ) très tard à l'auberge
de jeunesse? Nous. The subject of the verb 'sommes rentrées'
is 'Nous' which replaces 'Nicole et les filles'. Therefore 'rentré'
has to agree in gender (feminine) and number (plural) with the
subject
= rentrées .
"Ma soeur et ses amies sont
reparties le lendemain."
Here, QUI
est reparti (REPARTIR like PARTIR belongs to the house
ÊTRE) le lendemain? Ma
soeur et ses amies. The subject of the verb 'sont reparties' is
'Ma soeur et ses amies'. Therefore 'reparti' has to agree in gender
(feminine) and number (plural) with the subject = reparties.
"Mais, moi, je suis
restée chez mon cousin.
"
In this sentence, QUI est resté (RESTER
belongs to the house
ÊTRE) chez son cousin?
Je. The subject of the verb 'suis resté' is 'Je' (Nicole).
Therefore 'resté' has to agree in gender (feminine) and number
(singular) with the subject = restée.
Note that these verbs are called Intransitive
Verbs of Motion and are conjugated with ÊTRE
because they do not have direct objects. However 6 of them (descendre,
monter, passer, rentrer, retourner, sortir) could occasionally
be
used transitively; that is, they take
a direct object. On such occasions, they are conjugated
with the auxiliary TO HAVE, and they follow the rules that govern
the
past participle agreement with AVOIR
(see the section on Agreement of
Past Participles Conjugated with
AVOIR) |