Electronic Resources Citation Guide

Note: This document is meant to serve as a general guide only. Please see your instructor if there are any areas that require futher elaboration.

For your convenience, this guide has been divided into three parts:

• Important Things to Remember
• Bibliographic Citations
• Footnote and Endnote Citations

Important Things to Remember

• Internet resources are not free for the taking. You must use a referencing method if you use them in your work. Please read the Academic Integrity section of your Calendar for a full description of plagiarism and cheating, as well as disciplinary procedures.
  
• You should always make a note of the site and date of your source. If you are asked to provide this information later for verification, it will be much easier to account for your source. Even if a site no longer exists when checked again, having some kind of documentation (a printout, for example) may attest to its validity.
  
• Be sure you have the correct source or internet address. Make sure you have periods in the right places, .htm or .html extensions noted correctly, and that top-level domains are correct (.org, .ca, .com, .gov, .uk, and so on).

Bibliographic Citations and Examples

1. Basic citation components and punctuation
Author's Last name, First name. [author's internet address, if available]. "Title of work or message." In "Title of whole work" or title of list/site as appropriate. [internet address]. Date.

2. Litserv Messages (email discussion groups)
Walsh, Gretchen. [gwalsh@acs.bu.edu]. "REPLY: Using African newspapers in teaching." In H-AFRICA. [h-africa@msu.edu]. 18 October 1995.

3. World Wide Web
Limb, Peter. "Relationships between Labour & African Nationalist/Liberation Movements in Southern Africa." [http://neal.ctstateu.edu/history/archives/limb-1.html]. May 1992.

4. FTP sites
Heinrich, Gregor. [100303.100@compuserve.com]. "Where There is Beauty, There is Hope: Sao Tome e Principe." [ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/gen/saoep.txt]. July 1994.

5. Gopher sites
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. "Making Difference." [gopher.uic.edu The Researcher/History/H-Net/H-Amstdy(American Studies)/Essays& Discussions About American Studies]. 20 July 1995.

6. USENET Group Messages (news groups)
Legg, Sonya. [legg@harquebus.cgd.ucar.edu]. "African history book list." In [soc.culture.african]. 5 September 1994.

7. E-mail Messages
Page, Mel. [pagem@etsuarts.east-tenn-st.edu]. "African dance . . . and Malawi." Private e-mail message to Masankho Banda, [mbanda@igc.apc.org]. 28 November 1994.

Footnote and Endnote Citations and Examples

1. Basic citation components and punctuation
Author's First name and Last name, [author's Internet address, if available], "Title of Work" or "title line of message," in "Title of Whole Work" or title of list/site, [internet address], date.

2. Litserv Messages
Gretchen Walsh, [gwalsh@acs.bu.edu], "REPLY: Using African newspapers in teaching," in H-AFRICA, [h-africa@msu.edu], 18 October 1995.

3. World Wide Web
Peter Limb, "Relationships between Labour & African Nationalist/Liberation Movements in Southern Africa," [http://neal.ctstateu.edu/world_history/archives/limb-1.html], May 1992.

4. FTP sites
Gregor Heinrich, [100303.100@compuserve.com], "Where There is Beauty, There is Hope: Sao Tome e Principe," [ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/gen/saoep.txt], July 1994.

5. Gopher sites
Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, "Making Difference," [gopher.uic.edu The Researcher/History/H-Net/H-Amstdy (American Studies)/Essage & Discussions About American Studies], 20 July 1995.

6. USENET Group Messages
Thomas Dell, [dell@wiretap.spies.com] "[EDTECH] EMG: Sacred Texts (Networked Electronic Versions)," in [alt.etext], 4 February 1993.

7. E-mail Messages
Mel Page, [pagem@etsuarts.east-tenn-st.edu], "African dance . . . and Malawi," private e-mail message to Masankho Banda, [mbanda@igc.apc.org], 28 November 1994.

This guide was originally created by Melvin E. Page [pagem@etsuarts.east-tenn-st.edu] at East Tennessee State University and found at the following URL: http://www.sfu.ca/politics/cite.html on 13 May 1996. One addition has been made: the Important Notes section at the top. Other than this small change, no other additions or amendments have been made.